Antiknock gasoline



particles.

'umrso STATES PATENT OFFICE f 2,088,997 1 immoox Gnsonmn Y Nicolaas Max,Amsterdam, Netherlands, assignor to Shell Development @ompany, sanFrancisco, Calit... accrporation oi Delaware t i'llaims.

, This invention relates to the use oi carbonyl hydride derivatives ofcobalt and iron in caseline type fuels to improve their antilmoclbproperties.

a It is known that carbonyls oi iron, cobalt,

nickel and other metals when dissolved in cgmoline have the ability ofsuppressina the latter's tendency to knock.

quite emcient as antidetonants, their use has is been restricted becausetheir solutions in liquid hydrocarbons have proven to be unstable,particularly when exposed to light. Ciasolines containing, for instance,cobalt carbonyl develop upon standing a flocculent precipitate of a coinbait compound, and when this gasoline is used in an internal combustionengine, a rapid wear and erosion of the cylinders and valves takesplace, due to a formation of hard metallic I have found that thedimculty oi excessive wear can be overcome by using certain oilsolublederivatives of carbonyl hydrides rather than the carbonyis themselves."The term derivatives of carbonyl hydrides, as herein used,

an refers to metal salts'of the carbonyihydrides oi iron and cobalt,which hydrides appear to have the formulas HaFHCOM and JHC'MC'OMrespectively. The carbonyl hydrides are so unstable that they decomposewithin a short period i to the respective carbonyls and water. Thoughrelatively unstable, such hydrides can be con verted into stable salts.

A typical example of the production oi salts of the type hereindescribed is as i'ollows: carbon monoxide, or gases containing carbonmonoidde. are contacted under. normalor superatmospheric pressure and atnormal or elevated temperatures with an aqueous alkaline suspension or asolution of cobalt cyanide. The carbon monoidde no reacts with thecobalt cyanide, forming the alkali salt of cobalt carbonyl hydride andin addition alkali carbonate as well as alhali salts oi complexcompounds of. cobalt cyanide. The resulting mixture is slightlyacidified and the liberated its cobalt carbonyl hydride canbe removed bydis- While these carbonyls are carbonyis are used. and no iouliapplication April it, 1936, Serial in theltetheriands April 2d, 1935(or. are) tillation in a stream ofan inert gas, such as nitroren.instead of Jusing cobalt cyanide as a starting material, certain othercobalt salts such as cobalt thioglycolates, cobalt hexacyanides, cobaltmercaptides and the lilre, may be reacted M with carbon monoxide. toproduce cobalt carbonyl hydride. The freshly distilled hydride isintroduced into an aqueous solution of mercuric chloride, forming amercuric cobalt carbonyl of the iormum la l-lgOtJMCOM): which is thenisolated. This compound is soluble in gasoline, forming stablesolutions. 0.2% of cobalt in the form of the mercuric cobalt carbonyldissolved in a standard gasoline, raises the octane number 35 points Lbarium salts, as well as thallium and lead salts.

Salts of the monovalent metal or metal equivalents, such as the sodium,ammonium and silver saltswere found to be as unstable as the free 30carbonyls themselves.

Engine tests in which fuels containing salts of the carbonyl hydrideshave been used, have not revealed excessive wear of cylinders, pistonrings and valves, as is frequently found when free at g of spark plugshas been evidenced.

' I claim as my invention: a

1. db antiirnock motor fuel comprising gasoline type hydrocarbons and asmall amount oi it the mercuric salt of cobalt carbonyl hydride.

2. an antlhnock motor luel comprising gasoline type hydrocarbons andabout .2% of cobalt

